Submitting Your Dissertation, Thesis, Or PDE: FAQ

What software do I need to create PDF files?

Many tools are available to create PDF files. For example:

• One of the most common products for creating PDF files is Adobe Acrobat, which includes Acrobat Distiller for writing PDF files. You can purchase Adobe Acrobat at most software retailers or at [Adobe's website]. Most college bookstores offer educational discounts to associated faculty and students. Adobe also offers site licenses and other discounts to educational institutions.
• ETD Administrator (free) - Upload your Microsoft Word or RTF document at the PDF Submission Step and we will convert it into PDF (and embed fonts) for you.
• Your version of Microsoft Word or other program that you used to create your document may have a built-in 'Save to PDF' feature.
• [OpenOffice]

The following sites provide additional resources:

Postscript to PDF:

• Babinszki Distiller: A server which runs Adobe Distiller continuously, converting any uploaded files to PDF. The directions for use are thorough and straightforward. The one requirement to use this service is that the files you upload to the Net Distillery server must be in Postscript format
• Ghostscript home page: Freeware that converts Postscript files to PDF.
• PS2PDF: A free online service for converting Postscript files to PDF.

TeX/LaTeX to PDF:

• LaTeX2PDF
• PDF-LaTeX
• Ghostscript - compiles TeX and LaTeX files directly into PDF
• PDFTeX - compiles TeX and LaTeX files directly into PDF
• dvipdfm - converts DVI files (TeX or LaTeX) output into PDF

Do I have to do anything differently when writing my manuscript?

You simply write your document as you normally would in your word processor, keeping a few tips in mind to improve the quality of the PDF document:

• Spacing and pagination: Use tabs instead of a series of spaces to align text. Insert page breaks instead of a series of paragraphs to start a new page. Use section breaks to change the format between pages in the document. Use your word processor's tools for creating tables of contents and cross references to ensure that pagination is consistent even if the generation of the PDF file causes the pages to shift slightly.
• Fonts: We recommend using standard fonts such as Times New Roman or Arial. If using unusual fonts, be sure to use embeddable Type 1 or TrueType fonts.
• Graphics: It's best to use EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) files rather than bitmaps, GIFs, or JPEG images. Use a high resolution such as 600-dpi. Avoid using graphic editors that are part of a word processor.
• Equations: Microsoft Word users should NOT use Microsoft Word's Equation Editor. Instead, use italic Times Roman font and Symbol font, along with superscripts and subscripts to create equations.

What settings should I choose when creating the PDF file?

Though each version of the PDF creation software will differ slightly in how you create the file, you should always choose the following options:

• Embed all fonts (VERY IMPORTANT!)
• Print optimized
• Minimum of 600 dpi resolution
• Do not encrypt the file. Encrypted PDF files will not be accepted. The text cannot be extracted from them for full text indexing or storage.

Other important tips for creating the best PDF files:

• If you are using Adobe products, use Acrobat Distiller to create the highest quality PDF files. Do not use Adobe Acrobat Writer to create the files. (Distiller comes with the full version of Adobe Acrobat.)
• Create the PDF file on the same machine where the original document was created to ensure that the fonts necessary for viewing and printing the resulting PDF file are available during PDF creation. If you create the file on a different computer, please examine the final PDF file to verify that the correct fonts were used throughout the document.

What does "embed all fonts" mean?

When fonts are embedded, readers of your work will be able to see your document as you intended, with the same fonts that you used.

If you do not embed all of your fonts, and those fonts are not available on the reader's computer, Adobe Acrobat will make its best guess at what font it should use as a substitute. This can result in significant differences between your original document and what the reader sees (particularly with symbol fonts).

How do I embed my fonts?

These instructions differ depending on whether you are using a PC or a Mac

Using Microsoft Word on a PC (go to Using Microsoft Word on a Mac)

To embed your fonts in Microsoft Word 2010:

1. Create your manuscript using a TrueType font. Recommended fonts include Times-Roman and Helvetica.
2. In the File pull-down menu click on Options.
3. Choose Save on the left sidebar.
4. Check the box next to Embed fonts in the file.
5. Click the OK button.
6. Save the document.

To embed your fonts in Microsoft Word 2007:

1. Create your manuscript using a TrueType font. Recommended fonts include Times-Roman and Helvetica.
2. Click the circular Office button in the upper left corner of Microsoft Word.
3. A new window will display. In the bottom right corner is a button, Word options. Click the Word Options button.
4. Choose Save from the left sidebar.
5. Check the box next to Embed fonts in the file.
6. Click the OK button.
7. Save the document.

To embed your fonts in earlier versions of Microsoft Word:

1. Create your manuscript using a TrueType font. Recommended fonts include Times-Roman and Helvetica.
2. On the Tools menu, choose Options
3. Click the Save tab.
4. Select the Embed TrueType fonts check box.
5. Save the document.

Using Microsoft Word on a Mac

Microsoft Word 2008 on a Mac OS X computer will automatically embed your fonts while converting your document to a PDF file.

Please note that previous versions on Microsoft Word on a Mac are not able to embed fonts.

Another option you might consider is using OpenOffice (which embeds fonts automatically while converting to PDF) or using a PC to embed fonts in your manuscript.

Using Adobe Acrobat Professional

Alternatively, if you have Adobe Acrobat Professional available to you, you can follow the excellent instructions provided by the Graduate Thesis Office at Iowa State University:

1. Open your document in Microsoft Word.
2. Click on the Adobe PDF tab at top. Select Change Conversion Settings.
3. Click on Advanced Settings.
4. Click on the Fonts folder on the left side of the new window. In the lower box on the right, delete any fonts that appear in the Never Embed box. Then click OK.
   If prompted to save these new settings, save them as "Embed all fonts."
5. Now the Change Conversion Settings window should show "embed all fonts" in the Conversion Settings drop down list and it should be selected. Click OK again.
6. Click on the Adobe PDF link at the top again. This time select Convert to Adobe PDF. Depending on the size of your document and the speed of your computer, this process can take 1-15 minutes.
7. After your document is converted, select the File menu at the top of the page. Then select Document Properties.
8. Click on the Fonts tab. Carefully check all of your fonts. They should all show "(Embedded Subset)" after the font name.
9. If you see "(Embedded Subset)" after all fonts, you have succeeded.

How do I create PDF files from Microsoft Word documents?

Creating a PDF file from a word processing document is fairly straightforward. Once you have installed the software necessary to write PDF files (for example, Adobe Acrobat Distiller), you can essentially print to a PDF file instead of printing to paper.

If you are using Microsoft Word 2010 to create your PDF, please do the following:

1. Click on the "Save As" option in the File pull-down menu:
   
2. Select "PDF" as the "Save as type:" and click the Options button:
   
3. If the "ISO 19005-1 compliant (PDF/A)" option is not enabled, check the box to enable it. Press the OK button.
   
4. Press the Save button to create the PDF file.

If you are using Microsoft Word 2007 to create your PDF, please do the following:

1. In Microsoft Word 2007 when you select "Save as" you have the option to save the file as a PDF or XMS file. Click the "PDF or XPS" option. If the add-in has not been installed yet in your version of Microsoft Word it will provide directions on how to install it.
   
   If the add-in has not been installed:
   
   
   If the add-in has been installed:
   
2. When the "Publish as PDF or XPS" window opens up press the Options button found near the Publish and Cancel buttons. When the Options window opens up there is an checkbox near the bottom of the list that needs to be checked off called "ISO 19005-1 compliant". Check that option and press the OK button:
   
3. If desired you can then change the name of the file and the location you are going to save the file to and press the Publish button.
4. Once the file has been created, go back into the ETD Administrator and upload this file in the PDF submission step.

If you are using Adobe Acrobat Distiller and Microsoft Word, the best way to go about creating the PDF file is:

1. From the Microsoft Word File menu choose Print.
2. Select Distiller (or "Create Adobe PDF") as the printer by choosing it from the "Name" (or "Printer") drop down list at the top of the Print dialog.
3. Choose "Print Optimized" as the job option.
4. Click OK (or "Save") to create the PDF file. You will be prompted to name the file and choose where it is saved. Do so, and click Save. (If you're not prompted to choose the name and location, make note of where the file is being saved as indicated in the Print dialog.)

What if my manuscript is made up of multiple files?

If your submission consists of multiple documents (such as a word processing file, graphics, spreadsheets, etc.), it is best to consolidate them first in one document and then print that file as a PDF document. If you aren't able to consolidate the files before creating the PDF file, it is possible to combine PDF files using the commands in Adobe Acrobat.

1. Open the main PDF file in Adobe Acrobat.
2. Go to the page where you want to insert the additional page or pages.
3. Choose "Insert Pages" from the Document menu.
4. Select and open the PDF file that contains the pages to be inserted.
5. Verify the settings in the dialog to be sure that you're inserting the pages in the correct location, and click OK.

How can I check my PDF file to make sure I did it right?

Please do your best to follow these guidelines when creating PDF files to be submitted to ProQuest, and check your results.

To check your file:

1. Open the file open in Adobe Acrobat.
2. Choose File>Document Info>Fonts.
3. In the window that opens, choose List All Fonts and you should see a table of fonts.
4. Verify that all entries in the Type column are either Type 1 or TrueType fonts.
5. In the Used Font column, you should see Embedded Subset for all fonts with the possible exception of "Times", "Arial/Helvetica", and "Courier").
6. Select OK to close the Font window
7. From the View menu, choose Use Local Fonts to turn this option off (the check mark should disappear). Select OK to close the Font window.
8. Page through your PDF file to visually inspect each page as it would appear on another computer without the same fonts as yours.
9. Print a copy of your file and verify that everything prints as expected.

If you encounter problems while checking your file, please consult the following resource:

• Adobe's troubleshooting page: www.adobe.com/support/products/acrobat.html

What if I run into problems printing a PDF file?

If you are having trouble printing a PDF file, first be sure that you have the appropriate software (Adobe Acrobat or Adobe Acrobat Reader). Adobe Acrobat Reader is available for free from Adobe. You can download Adobe Acrobat Reader here.

If you can view the manuscript correctly on screen but it fails to print correctly, you should do the following:

1. With the PDF file open in Adobe Acrobat or Adobe Acrobat Reader, choose Print from the File menu.
   • Windows Users: Check the "Print as Image" option in the Print dialog.
   • Macintosh Users: Change the setting for the popup menu at the top of the dialog from General to Acrobat, and select Print as Image as the print method.
2. Click Print.
   If you don't see the option to "Print as Image" be sure that you have the latest version of Adobe Acrobat Reader (available free from Adobe).

Visit adobe.com to learn more about troubleshooting PDF printing problems.

How can I view or change the security settings of my PDF in Adobe Acrobat / Acrobat Reader?

Depending on the version of Adobe Acrobat you are using, open the document and do one of the following:

• Adobe Acrobat 8

1. Select Properties from the File menu.
2. Click the Security tab.
3. Select No Security from the Security Method drop-down.
4. Click OK.

• Previous Adobe Acrobat versions

1. Select Secure from the Document menu.
2. Select Show Security Settings for This Document.
3. Select No Security from the Security Method drop-down.
4. Click OK.